What is a 'C' variable?
A variable is an identifier which is used to store some value .
Constant can never changes at the time of execution. Variables
can change during the execution of a program and update the
value stored inside it.
A single variable can be used at multiple locations in a program.
A variable name must be meaningful. It should represent the purpose
of the variable.
A variable must be declared first before it used somewhere inside the
program. A variable name is formed using characters , digits and
underscore.
Following are the rules must be followed while creating a variable:
1. A variable name should consists of only characters, digits, and an
underscore.
2. A variable name should not begin with a number .
3. A variable name should not consist of whitespace .
4. A variable name should not consist of a keyword.
5. 'C' is a case sensitive language that means a variable named 'age'
'AGE' are different.
Following are examples of valid variable names in 'C' program:
1. height
2. _height
3. height2
Data types:
'C' provides various data types to make it easy for a programmer to select
a suitable data type as per the requirements of an application.
Following are the three data types:
1. Primitive data types
2. Derived data types
3. User defined data types
There are five primary fundamental data types,
1. int for integer data
2. char for character data
3. float for floating point numbers
4. double for double precision floating point numbers
5 . void
Integer data type :
Integer is nothing but a whole number . The number for an integer data
type varies from machine to machine. The standard range for an integer
data type is -32768 to 32767.
An integer typically is of 2 bytes which means it consumes a total of 16
bits in memory.
A single integer value takes 2 bytes of memory. An integer data type is
further divided into other data type such as short int , int , and long int.
When ever we want to use an data type , we have place int before the
identifier such as ,
int age;
Here, age is a variable of an integer data type which can be used to store
intger values.
Floating point data type:
The 'float' keyword is used to represent the floating point data type. It can
            can  hold  a  floating  point  value  which  means  a  number  is  having  a  fraction 
             
and a decimal part. A floating point value is a real number that contains
a decimal point. Integer data type doesn't store the decimal part hence we
can use floats to store decimal part of a value.
Here some examples are:
float division;
double Bank balance;
Character data type
Character data type are used to store a single character value enclosed in single
quotes. A character data type takes up to 1 byte of memory space.
Example:
char letter;
Void data type :
A void type doesn't or return any value. It is mostly used for defining
function in 'C'.
Constants:
Constant are the fixed value that never change during execution of a program.
Following are the various types of constants.
1. Integer constants
2. Character constants
3. String constants
4. Real constants
1. Integer constants:
An integer constant is nothing but a value consisting of digits or numbers. These
values never change during the execution of a program. Integer constant can be
octa, decimal, and hexadecimal .
1. Decimal constant contains digits from 0 - 9 such as :
Example: 124, 135
2. Octa constant contains digits from 0-7 , and these types of constants are always
preceded by 0.
Example: 012, 067
3. Hexadecimal constant contains a digits form 0-9 as well as characters from A-F.
Hexadecimal constants are always preceded by 0X.
Example: 0X2, 0Xvd
2. Character constants:
A character constant contains only a single character enclosed within a single
quotes(").
Example:
'V' , 'D' , '9'
3. String constants:
A string constant contains a sequence of character enclosed within double quotes(" ")
Example:
" Hello" , "programming"
4. Real constants:
'C' also provides real constants that contains a decimal point or a fraction value.
The real constant are also called as floating point constants. The real constants
contains a decimal point and a fraction value.
Example:
202.23 , 3000.00
Summary
1. A constant is a value that doesn't change throughout the execution of a program.
2. A variable is an identifier which is used to store a value.
3. There are four commonly used data type such as int , float , char and a void .
4. Each data type differs in size and range form one to another .
Created By : VISHAL YADAV
Thank you

Gud keep it up
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