What is a function in C language ?
A function is a group of statements that perform together a specific task(subprogram).
Any C program consists of one or more functions. If a program has only one functions
then it must be the main() function. It is the first function to be executed when the
program starts, all other functions are called directly or indirectly from main().
C program have two types of functions-
1. Library functions
2. User define functions
1. Library functions(built in function):- C has the facility to provide library functions
for performing some operations. These functions are present in the C library and
they are predefined. For example sqrt () is a mathematical library function which
is used for finding out the square root of the any number. The functions scanf (),
printf () are input output library functions.
To use a library function we have to include corresponding header file using the
preprocessor directive #include. For example to use input output functions like
printf () and scanf () we have to include stdio.h , for mathematical library functions
we have to include math.h, for string library functions string.h should be included .
2. User define functions:- A user define function is a function that provided by user of
a program. These types of function are called user defined functions. To create and
use these functions. We should know about these three things-
1. Function definition
2. Function declaration
3. Function call
1. Function definition:- The function definition consists of the whole description and
code of a function . It tells what the function is doing and what is its input and
output. A function definition consists of two parts - a function header and a function
body. The general syntax of a function definition is -
return_ type function_ name(parameter declarations)
2. Function declaration:- A function declaration is used to give specific information to the
compiler about the function so that it can check the function calls. The calling
function needs information about the called function.
3. Function call or Function invocation:- The function definition describes what a function
can do, but to actually use it in program the function should be called somewhere.
A function is called by simply writing its name .
For example :
int sum (int x , int y)
{
int x, y, s;
s = x + y; // function call
return s;
}
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